Like a highway system, the vagus nerve branches profusely from your brain through your organs to marshal bodily functions, including aspects of the mind such as mood, pleasure and fear
The vagus nerve sprawls from the brain through the body, innervating our organs and managing life support and emotionThe original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine.
It is late at night. You are alone and wandering empty streets in search of your parked car when you hear footsteps creeping up from behind. Your heart pounds; your blood pressure skyrockets. Goose bumps appear on your arms, sweat on your palms. Your stomach knots, and your muscles coil, ready to sprint or fight…Click Here To Continue Reading>> …Click Here To Continue Reading>>
Now imagine the same scene, but without any of the body’s innate responses to an external threat. Would you still feel afraid?
Experiences like this reveal the tight integration between brain and body in the creation of mind—the collage of thoughts, perceptions, feelings and personality unique to each of us. The capabilities of the brain alone are astonishing. The supreme organ gives most people a vivid sensory perception of the world. It can preserve memories, enable us to learn and speak, generate emotions and consciousness. But those who might attempt to preserve their mind by uploading its data into a computer miss a critical point: The body is essential to the mind.
How is this crucial brain-body connection orchestrated? The answer involves the very unusual vagus nerve. The longest nerve in the body, it wends its way from the brain throughout the head and trunk, issuing commands to our organs and receiving sensations from them. Much of the bewildering range of functions it regulates, such as mood, learning, sexual arousal and fear, are automatic and operate without conscious control. These complex responses engage a constellation of cerebral circuits that link brain and body. The vagus nerve is, in one way of thinking, the conduit of the mind.
Nerves are typically named for the specific functions they perform. Optic nerves carry signals from the eyes to the brain for vision. Auditory nerves conduct acoustic information for hearing. The best that early anatomists could do with this nerve, however, was to call it the “vagus,” from the Latin for “wandering.” The wandering nerve was apparent to the first anatomists, notably Galen, the Greek polymath who lived until around the year 216. But centuries of study were required to grasp its complex anatomy and function. This effort is ongoing: Research on the vagus nerve is at the forefront of neuroscience today.
The most vigorous current research involves stimulating this nerve with electricity to enhance cognition and memory, and for a smorgasbord of therapies for neurological and psychological disorders, including migraine, tinnitus, obesity, pain, drug addiction and more. But how could stimulating a single nerve potentially have such wide-ranging psychological and cognitive benefits? To understand this, we must understand the vagus nerve itself.
The vagus nerve originates from four clusters of neurons in the brain’s medulla, where the brainstem attaches to the spinal cord. Most nerves in our body branch directly from the spinal cord: They are threaded between the vertebrae in our backbone in a series of lateral bands to carry information into and out of the brain. But not the vagus. The vagus nerve is one of 13 nerves that leave the brain directly through special holes in the skull. From there it sprouts thickets of branches that reach almost everywhere in the head and trunk. The vagus also radiates from two major clusters of outpost neurons, called ganglia, stationed in critical spots in the body. For example, a large cluster of vagal neurons clings like a vine to the carotid artery in your neck. Its nerve fibers follow this network of blood vessels throughout your body to reach vital organs, from the heart and lungs to the gut.
The vagus nerve connects the brainstem to the body’s organs. Mark Belan for Quanta Magazine
As with the brain itself, with its mirrored left and right hemispheres, we have left and right vagus nerve branches, which connect to the two hemispheres. But the organs in our body are not bilaterally symmetrical: The heart is on the left side, and the liver is on the right, for example. The right vagal nerve, then, is longer than the left, and the two sides have distinct functions because of the different organs they entwine. READ FULL STORY HERE>>>CLICK HERE TO CONTINUE READING>>>
It feels particularly apt to compare the vagus nerve to a highway network, with paths diverging, branching off again and again, and sometimes coming back together. Just as roads are given different names, many vagus nerve branches are given distinct names for the destinations they reach. They might run in tandem with the main sections of the vagus for brief intervals before separating again.
All complex body systems require the equivalent of brakes and a gas pedal to maintain control, and the vagus nerve serves these roles for many of our innate responses, nearly all of which occur involuntarily. Signals between the brainstem and the body travel up and down the nerve to twist your gut for digestion, marshal your immune system to keep microbial threats at bay, pace your heart, and dial your blood pressure up and down. The vagus nerve squeezes your bronchial tubes to pipe air into your lungs, triggers your gag reflex and makes you cough.
Its influence goes beyond basic life support: The vagus nerve is critical to generating mind by integrating the brain and body. Choking is terrifying because death could be mere minutes away. That heightened mental state is dependent on signals coming from the body—the inability to breathe or swallow—and the vagus nerve both senses and controls the choking response. If your heart suddenly starts racing, you might experience a panic attack; controlling heart rate is a prime function of the vagus nerve. Many other mental states, sexual arousal for example, depend on the mind-body connection that involves information going to the brain (sensual touching, for example) and out of the brain (to arouse bodily responses). The vagus nerve is that connection. Its length and widespread nature throughout the brain as well as the body allow it to coordinate such diverse bodily functions in a way that independent nerves could not.
The primary function of the vagus nerve is to dampen the body’s responses. After a fear episode, for example, the body’s powerful, life-saving threat response must be terminated to restore resting heartbeat, respiration, blood flow and the rest. So powerful is its influence, the vagus nerve can literally stop the beating heart. Conversely, the vagus nerve can also stimulate bodily responses by releasing the brakes to accelerate.
The calming action of the vagus nerve is the biological basis for new therapies that aim to stimulate the nerve to quell seizures, relieve anxiety disorders, cool the body’s inflammatory response and stanch a migraine attack, among a long list of potential treatments. Unlike deep-brain stimulation, which is used to treat some of the same conditions, vagal nerve stimulation can be accomplished without neurosurgery. It is possible to stimulate the nerve fibers with a mild electrical pulse by surgically inserting electrodes into the chest or, more simply, clipping them to an earlobe. The technique has been used to treat epilepsy and depression for decades, and in 2021 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved it to treat mobility issues caused by stroke.
However, some people have taken the vagus nerve’s expansive bodily influence as an invitation to engage in pseudoscience. In some corners of the internet, so-called polyvagal therapy—physical or breathing exercises that some claim reset the vagus nerve—is proposed to address just about any disorder of the mind or body. There’s little to no evidence that these popular remedies are anything but placebos.
The vagus nerve doesn’t need to be a panacea to be remarkable—it’s worth appreciating all on its own. Without the expansive domain and potent impact of the body’s longest nerve, the crucial, highly coordinated link between brain and body would be broken, and many of our core emotions and experiences—fear, pleasure, rapid response to threats, the calming aftermath—would fail.
Are you tired of dealing with skin imperfections like wrinkles, blemishes, melasma, moles, and warts? Look no further! We have a natural and effective solution for you – banana peels combined with baking soda.
Why Banana Peels and Baking Soda?
Banana Peels: These peels are not just food waste! They are actually packed with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can nourish and revitalize your skin.
Scrape the inner white part of the banana peel with a spoon and collect about 2 tablespoons of the material.
In a small bowl, mix the banana peel paste with the baking soda until a smooth paste forms.
Application
Thoroughly clean and dry the area of skin where you intend to apply the mixture.
Apply the paste directly to the areas affected by wrinkles, blemishes, melasma, moles, or warts.
Leave the mixture on for about 15-20 minutes.
Rinse Off
Wash off the paste with lukewarm water. Be gentle to your skin while washing to avoid any irritation.
Moisturize
After drying your skin, apply a gentle moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated and protected.
Tips for Best Results
Frequency of Use: To see significant improvements, use this treatment two to three times a week. Consistent application is key!
Patch Test: Before applying the mixture broadly, always perform a patch test on a small area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Sun Protection: Protect your skin from the sun, especially after using this treatment, as the skin may be more sensitive to UV rays.
Precautions
If you have moles or warts, it’s important to have them checked by a healthcare provider before trying any home treatments.
Baking soda can be drying and may irritate sensitive skin. If you experience any redness, itching, or discomfort, discontinue use and consult with a dermatologist.
Hot water, sea salt, chamomile, and apple cider vinegar can be used as a home remedy to relieve cramps, arthritis, tingling, osteoarthritis, pain, and inflammation. Each ingredient has special qualities that help to alleviate discomfort and promote relaxation. Here’s how these ingredients operate together and how to use them efficiently.
2. Sea Salt: Contains minerals such as magnesium and potassium, which can help reduce edema and relax muscular contractions.
3. Chamomile: Chamomile is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, which can help alleviate pain and inflammation. It’s also a natural relaxant that can reduce muscle spasms and improve sleep.
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4. Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV): Known for its anti-inflammatory effects, ACV can help relieve joint pain and stiffness by dissolving acidic crystals in the joints and promoting mineral absorption.
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How to Prepare the Remedy
Here’s a simple recipe for making a soothing bath using these materials, which can be especially useful for soaking affected areas such as the hands, feet, or even the entire body if general pain treatment is required.
Ingredients
2 cups of Epsom salt or sea salt
1 cup of apple cider vinegar.
A handful of chamomile flowers (or 3–4 chamomile tea bags)
A tub full of hot water
Instructions
1. Prepare the Bath:
Fill your bathtub with hot water that is at a suitable temperature for soaking without producing burns or discomfort.
2. Add the Ingredients:
Dissolve the Epsom salt or sea salt in the bathtub.
Allow the chamomile flowers or tea bags to soak in the bath water for about 10 minutes before entering (you can do this while the tub fills).
3. Soak:
Soak in the bath for at least 20 to 30 minutes. Allow the combination to relax your muscles and joints. Instead of soaking the entire bathtub, you can use a basin to soak only the localized areas, such as your hands or feet.
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4. Rinse Off:
After soaking, rinse with fresh water if necessary, especially if the vinegar scent is strong or your skin is sensitive to extended salt exposure.
5. Repeat:
Repeat this bath 2-3 times each week to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
Precautions
Always check the temperature of the bath to avoid burns.
Individuals with sensitive skin should test their skin’s reaction to apple cider vinegar in a tiny area before fully soaking in it.
People with chronic health conditions or who are pregnant should consult a doctor before beginning any new treatment plan.
Conclusion
This cure addresses a variety of muscular and joint pain complaints by combining the natural medicinal elements of hot water, sea salt, chamomile, and apple cider vinegar. It’s a natural, cost-effective, and calming way to alleviate pain from illnesses such as arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Cockroaches are among the most despised household pests, and with good cause. While chemical remedies such as insecticides provide a quick remedy, they frequently pose health hazards to humans and pets, as well as significant environmental damage. If you’re tired of using chemical sprays to keep pests at bay, it’s time to look into safer, natural options.
Essential oils such as peppermint, eucalyptus, and tea tree oil are proven to repel cockroaches. Combine a few drops of your preferred oil with water and spray it in areas where cockroaches are likely to hide, such as under sinks, along baseboards, and around garbage cans.
Bay Leaves
Bay leaves are a simple and effective treatment. Cockroaches loathe the fragrance of bay leaves, thus they are an effective natural deterrent. Crush a few leaves and arrange them in corners, cabinets, or near entryways. READ FULL STORY HERE>>>CLICK HERE TO CONTINUE READING>>>
Diatomaceous Earth (food grade)
Diatomaceous earth is a natural powder derived from fossilized algae. When cockroaches come into touch with it, the powder destroys their exoskeleton, causing dehydration and death. Sprinkle a small layer in areas where you suspect cockroach activity, taking care not to inhale the fine particles.
Citrus peels
Cockroaches detest the aroma of citrus. Place leftover lemon, lime, or orange peels in areas prone to cockroach activity. Alternatively, clean surfaces with a citrus-infused water solution.
Baking Soda and Sugar Trap
This DIY trap is a simple and effective technique to get rid of cockroaches. Combine equal parts baking soda and sugar, and distribute small amounts in shallow containers near cockroach hotspots. The sugar attracts the cockroaches, while the baking soda interacts with their stomach acid, resulting in their death.
