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The Ibadan-Ijaye War (1861-1862)

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Ibadan, Ijaye and the new Oyo (also called Oyo Atiba) succeeded the Old Oyo empire after its destruction. According to Aare Latoosa, a Balogun of Ibadanland, “the war was a feud among three brothers over how to share common properties.” The three brothers, Ibadan, Ijaye and Oyo-Atiba failed to reach conclusion on who should succeed the Old Oyo as the political head of Yorubaland…Click Here To Continue Reading>> …Click Here To Continue Reading>>

 

In 1855, Ibadan being the largest and the most populated of the three towns convened a meeting with the other towns to carve out the best way of restoring the fading unity and dignity of the land. At the meeting, the Alaafin of the new Oyo (Oyo-Atiba) was said to be the most senior among the three towns, and as a result of this, other towns in Yoruba land should pay tribute to the new Oyo. Finally, Yorubaland has another head, therefore, proposing peace among some Yoruba towns like Ijebu and Egba.

In the same atmosphere, Ijaye, Egba and Ijebu raised some doubts about the policies of Ibadan. Kurumi of Ijaye suspected that Ibadan’s intention was to create an empire of her own and not to set up the leadership of the New Oyo (Oyo-Atiba). This suspicion rose as Ibadan continue to accept annual tribute from her own subjects while she encouraged those of Ijaye to send theirs to the Alaafin.

The last straw that broke the camel’s back was the succession issue to the throne of Oyo-Atiba after the death of Alaafin Atiba Atobatele in 1859. Ibadan supported the idea that Atiba’s son should succeed him so as to ensure the continuation of the Ibadan tribute policy. Kurumi of Ijaye opposed this claiming it was against the tradition of throne succession in Oyo.

Kurumi’s opposition was supported by the Egbas and the Ijebus. Ibadan saw this as another attempt to bring an end once more to the unity of Yoruba land and vowed to prevent this by all means. Ibadan didn’t want Kurumi, the then Are-Ona-Kakanfo, to become another disobedient Afonja. It was on this ground that the Ibadan-Ijaye war broke out in 1861.

The Ibadan-Ijaye war was fought in the forest between Ibadan and Ijaye towns. The Egbas supported Ijaye in order to prevent Ibadan from becoming a colossus in Yorubaland. The Ijebus also supported in order to foil Ibadan’s attempt of creating enmity between them and Remo in order to secure a route to the coast. Subsequently, the Fulanis too joined the Ijaye to punish Ibadan which had prevented them from spreading Islam in Yoruba land. READ FULL STORY HERE>>>CLICK HERE TO CONTINUE READING>>>

The Ibadan army camped at Ilora, 13 miles north of Ijaye while the Ijaye forces, led by Ogunbonna of Abeokuta, camped at Olokemeji on the River Ogun. The Ijaye, Egba, Fulani and Ijebu forces set a blockade to cut Ibadan off from the supplies from the British in Lagos.

Ibadan retaliated by blockading Ijaye from food supplies. The British merchants in Lagos lobbied the Remos of Sagamu and the Ikorodus to smuggle ammunition from Lagos to Ibadan. The support Ibadan received from the British made her brought the Ijayes on their knees in 1862 following Kurunmi’s death in 1851. The cause of his death is still unknown, but however, it is believed he committed suicide.

Other towns supporting Ijaye retreated immediately. The Egbas were displeased with the actions of the Remos and Ikorodus, and therefore sought to punish them but the British army prevented this by fighting and defeating the Egba army.

The Egbas avenged this in 1867 by expelling all British missionaries in Egbaland and burned the printing house of Iwe Irohin, the first newspaper in Nigeria. The Ijebus also punished the British by not allowing any British nationals to enter Ijebuland. This resulted in the Battle of Imagbon (1892) also known as the 1892 Ijebu expedition.

 

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7 Apps That You Should Delete Your Smartphone To Prevent Your Phone From Being Hacked

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In today’s digital landscape, smartphones have become integral to our daily lives. However, their ubiquity comes with considerable security risks if they are not properly protected. Various applications can inadvertently expose personal information to hackers, underscoring the importance of identifying and removing those that may jeopardize your security. To enhance your cybersecurity, consider deleting the following seven types of apps from your smartphone:

1. Third-Party App Stores

While official app stores like Google Play Store and Apple App Store implement robust security measures, third-party app stores often lack such scrutiny. Applications sourced from these alternative platforms can be riddled with malware, providing an easy entry point for hackers to access your sensitive data…Click Here To Continue Reading>> …Click Here To Continue Reading>>

 

2. Social Media Apps

Despite their popularity, social media applications frequently require extensive permissions that can compromise your personal information. Hackers may exploit vulnerabilities within these platforms to access private data. It’s wise to limit your engagement with social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, or Snapchat and to regularly review their privacy settings to ensure your information remains protected.

3. Outdated Apps READ FULL STORY HERE>>>CLICK HERE TO CONTINUE READING>>>

Applications that are not regularly updated may harbor unpatched security vulnerabilities, making them attractive targets for cybercriminals. To safeguard your smartphone, consistently update your apps or remove those that no longer receive updates from their developers.

4. Free VPN Apps

Although Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) can significantly bolster your online security, many free VPN applications engage in practices such as collecting and selling user data to third parties. If you currently rely on a free VPN service, consider transitioning to a reputable paid option that emphasizes user privacy and maintains a strict no-log policy.

5. Game Apps with Excessive Permissions

Many mobile games request unnecessary permissions, such as access to your contacts or location, which can lead to unauthorized data collection and heightened hacking risks. If a game requests excessive access, it’s prudent to delete it to protect your personal information.

 

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5 Foods That Damage Intestine

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The health of our intestines plays a crucial role in overall well-being. However, certain foods can negatively impact gut health, potentially leading to inflammation, digestive issues, and long-term damage. Here are five foods that can harm the intestines:

1. Processed Foods

Processed foods, especially those high in refined sugars and unhealthy fats, are among the worst offenders when it comes to gut health. These foods often lack fiber, which is essential for healthy digestion. Moreover, the additives, preservatives, and artificial sweeteners used in many processed products can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria. A diet high in processed foods can lead to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria, contributing to conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and leaky gut…Click Here To Continue Reading>> …Click Here To Continue Reading>>

 

2. Fried Foods*m

Fried foods, such as fast food, chips, and fried snacks, contain trans fats and acrylamide, a substance formed when foods are cooked at high temperatures. These foods can irritate the lining of the intestines and contribute to chronic inflammation. Over time, this inflammation can weaken the gut’s ability to absorb nutrients and protect against harmful bacteria, which can lead to digestive problems and increased risk of diseases like Crohn’s disease.

3. Dairy Products

For many people, dairy products can cause digestive distress due to lactose intolerance or sensitivities to casein, a protein found in milk. When individuals with these sensitivities consume dairy, they may experience bloating, gas, and diarrhea. In the long run, consuming large amounts of dairy can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria and lead to intestinal discomfort or inflammation, particularly in people who are already sensitive to dairy. READ FULL STORY HERE>>>CLICK HERE TO CONTINUE READING>>>

4. Red Meat

While red meat is a source of protein and essential nutrients, excessive consumption can negatively affect gut health. The high fat content in red meat can be difficult for the digestive system to break down, leading to constipation and bloating. Additionally, red meat contains compounds that can promote the growth of harmful gut bacteria and contribute to inflammation, which is associated with conditions like colorectal cancer.

5. Alcohol

Alcohol can be highly detrimental to the intestines, especially when consumed in excess. It irritates the gastrointestinal tract, leading to inflammation and disrupting the gut’s protective lining. Chronic alcohol consumption can also impair the balance of gut microbiota, promoting the growth of harmful bacteria and increasing the permeability of the intestinal walls, which is linked to leaky gut syndrome. This, in turn, can increase the risk of food sensitivities, inflammation, and digestive disorders.

In conclusion, maintaining a healthy gut requires careful attention to diet. Avoiding or minimizing the consumption of processed foods, fried items, dairy (for those sensitive to it), red meat, and alcohol can help protect the intestines and ensure better digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall gut health.

 

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4 Signs Your Ex Still Loves You

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When navigating the aftermath of a breakup, it can be difficult to discern whether your ex still has feelings for you. However, there are several key signs that may suggest your ex still loves you:

1. Frequent Communication: If your ex frequently reaches out, whether to check in or simply to chat, it could indicate lingering feelings. Even casual conversations or texts about mundane topics suggest they’re still invested in your life…Click Here To Continue Reading>> …Click Here To Continue Reading>>

 

2. Jealousy or Protectiveness: If your ex seems to show jealousy when you talk about other romantic interests or becomes protective of you, it may be a sign that they still care deeply about you. This can manifest in subtle ways, such as expressing concern about you dating someone else or displaying discomfort when someone else shows interest.

3. Maintaining Physical Closeness: Physical proximity, even in a non-romantic setting, can reveal emotional attachment. If your ex continues to find reasons to be near you, engage in physical touch like hugs, or seeks excuses to spend time alone with you, it often means that their feelings are far from gone. READ FULL STORY HERE>>>CLICK HERE TO CONTINUE READING>>>

4. Regret and Nostalgia: If your ex frequently brings up fond memories from your relationship, it might indicate that they miss what you had. This could involve them reminiscing about good times or even admitting that they regret the breakup. They may still be processing unresolved emotions and might secretly wish for reconciliation.

These signs do not guarantee that your ex still loves you in a romantic way, but they do suggest that their feelings haven’t completely faded. Understanding these signals can help you evaluate the potential for rekindling a relationship or moving on.

 

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